Gastroparesis Research
12 studies as of March, 2022
STUDIES APPEAR IN ORDER FROM OLDEST TO NEWEST ADDED
For navigation, click on the topic you are interested in below:
Digestive System
Teeth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and vitamin/mineral deficiencies.
GASTROPARESIS AND SIBO
Clarke, J. O. (2014). SIBO in Gastroparesis: Sci-fi or Science Fact? Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 59(3), 510–512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-013-3011-4
This review of gastroparesis and SIBO (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth) talks about the similarity between the conditions, and potential for them to co-exist due to overlapping symptomatology. They discuss the difficulties in SIBO diagnosis due to different standards, and the higher presence of positive lactulose breath testing (LBT) in both conditions. This review clearly suggest the need for further research.
Summary by Kimberly Czotter
"
SIBO AND GASTROPARESIS (NO ASSOCIATION)
Calderon, G., Siwiec, R. M., Bohm, M. E., Nowak, T. V., Wo, J. M., Gupta, A., Xu, H., & Shin, A. (2020). Delayed Gastric Emptying Is Not Associated with a Microbiological Diagnosis of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 66(1), 160–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-020-06153-1
This retrospective study discusses small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and its association to gastroparesis. They evaluated 73 patients who had a gastric emptying study (scintigraphy) and small bowel enteroscopy for SIBO testing). They found that 29 had SIBO, 44 did not, and that 33 in total had delayed emptying. This study suggests that delayed emptying is common with SUSPECTED SIBO; but that gastric emptying does not associate to SIBO diagnosed microbiologically.
Summary by Kimberly Czotter
"
PATIENT REVIEW OF FOODS AND GASTROPARESIS
Wytiaz, V., Homko, C., Duffy, F., Schey, R., & Parkman, H. P. (2015). Foods Provoking and Alleviating Symptoms in Gastroparesis: Patient Experiences. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 60(4), 1052–1058. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-015-3651-7
This questionnaire based study gives some insight to dietary changes such as reducing fiber, fat, and meal size that reduce symptoms in gastroparesis patients. There were 45 patients (39 idiopathic gastroparesis) that noted foods that worsened their symptoms included: cabbage, oranges, orange juice, fried chicken, lettuce, tomato juice, onions, pizza, sausage, peppers, salsa, bacon, roast beef, coffee, and broccoli. These symptom-provoking foods include those that are acidic, roughage, fatty, and spicy. Foods that moderately improved their symptoms included jello, graham crackers, and saltine crackers. Food thats were tolerated included: gluten-free foods, ginger ale, clear soup, white fish, white rice, salmon, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tea, applesauce, and popsicles. Well-tolerated foods were generally sweet, starchy, salty, and bland.
Summary by Kimberly Czotter
"
SIBO AND GASTROPARESIS
George, N. S., Sankineni, A., & Parkman, H. P. (2012). Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Gastroparesis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 59(3), 645–652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-012-2426-7
This study evaluated 740 patients that had a lactulose breath test (LBT) and of these, 471 had a gastric emptying study of which 201 had delayed gastric emptying. These 201 patients were primary females (87%) of which 39% had evidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) via the LBT. These patients with a positive test had the following increased severity of symptoms: bloating, postprandial fullness, and early satiety.
Summary by Kimberly Czotter
"
Hormones (Endocrine System)
How hormones and menstruation affect Gastroparesis.
MENSES AND ITS EFFECT ON GASTROPARESIS AND DIABETES
Brennan, I. M. et al. (2009). Effects of the phases of the menstrual cycle on gastric emptying, glycemia, plasma GLP-1 and insulin, and energy intake in healthy lean women. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 297(3), G602–G610. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00051.2009
This study evaluates nine healthy females to evaluate the role of the menstrual cycle on gastric emptying. They were studied twice during follicular phase (days 6-12) and once over the luteal phase (days 18-24). They consumed 300ml of a glucose drink and blood glucose, hunger, gastric emptying, and plasma hormone concentrations were measured. They found that during folliculization: hunger, energy intake, insulin, plasma GLP-1, blood glucose, and gastric emptying were all lower.
Summary by Kimberly Czotter
"
GASTROPARESIS AND ESTROGEN
Rao, J. N. (2013). Estrogens and Gastroparesis: A Clinical Relevance. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 58(6), 1449–1451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-013-2683-0
This article details the population most commonly associated to gastroparesis: obese/overweight, women, and in a younger population (mean 33-44). They discuss how ovarian hormones and nitric oxide may contribute to gastric emptying and motility - with estrogen and progesterone slowing smooth muscle contractions (esophagus, pylorus, small bowel), and nitric oxide increasing it. Some research has suggested that women have slow emptying and worsened IBS during their luteal phase. The author argues that more research in this area is required to have a better understanding of the role of hormones and digestive motility.
Summary by Kimberly Czotter
"
GASTRIC EMPTYING AND THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
A. M. Caballero-Plasencia, M. Valen. (1999). Are There Changes in Gastric Emptying during the Menstrual Cycle? Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 34(8), 772–776. https://doi.org/10.1080/003655299750025697
This study analyzed the gastric emptying of digestible solids, liquids, and indigestible solids in 200 healthy volunteers: 100 men, 50 women in their luteal phase, and 50 women in their follicular phase. They found that women's digestible solids and liquids both digested slower than in men, with no difference in indigestible solids. They did not find statistically significant differences between the groups of women in gastric emptying; although, they found postprandial 'physiologic gastroparesis' in women.
Summary by Kimberly Czotter
"
GASTROPARESIS SYMPTOM VARIATION DURING MENSES
Verrengia, M., Sachdeva, P., Gaughan, J., Fisher, R. S., & Parkman, H. P. (2011). Variation of symptoms during the menstrual cycle in female patients with gastroparesis. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 23(7), 625-e254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01681.x
This study evaluated 39 premenopausal women: 20 gastroparesis patients (10 taking oral contraceptive agents (OCPs), and 10 not taking it), and 19 healthy women (9 not on OCPs, and 10 on OCPs). Their aim was to study how estrogen and progesterone affect gastric emptying and related symptoms (vomiting, nausea, postprandial fullness, bloating, and early satiety). They found that patients that didn't take OCPs had worsening symptoms of early satiety and nausea in their luteal phase, but the other symptoms were not different. Patients taking OCPs showed minimal daily variation of symptoms, and those not taking OCPs had more severe vomiting. Healthy women had minimal symptoms.
Summary by Kimberly Czotter
"
Immune System
Lymph nodes, white blood cells, and conditions we are likely to catch.
IMMUNE DYSREGULATION IN GASTROPARESIS
Grover, M. et al. (2018). Transcriptomic signatures reveal immune dysregulation in human diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. BMC Medical Genomics, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-018-0379-1
This study evaluated gastroparesis patients and controls for immune dysregulation by gastric biopsy and RNA sequencing with Ingenuity. They found different gene expression in both diabetic (111 genes) and idiopathic (181 genes) gastroparesis biopsies with a < 5% false detection rate. In diabetic gastroparesis, the primarily affected pathways included: macrophages, endothelial cells and fibroblasts related to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and changes in cytokine production regulation in both macrophages and T helper cells. In idiopathic gastroparesis the major pathways affected included both granulocyte and agranulocyte adhesion and diapedesis; and the role of macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis. In summary, there were 65 differently expressed genes in all gastroparesis patients that associated with immune signalling, suggesting that innate immune signalling may play a central role in the development of this condition.
Summary by Kimberly Czotter
"
USING IMMUNOMODULATION TO TREAT GASTROPARESIS
Soota, K., Kedar, A., Nikitina, Y., Arendale, E., Vedanarayanan, V., & Abell, T. L. (2016). Immunomodulation for treatment of drug and device refractory gastroparesis. Results in Immunology, 6, 11–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinim.2016.02.001
This study evaluated the treatment of 11 women with device and drug resistant gastroparesis, secondary to autoimmune dysautonomia. The patients had GAD65 autoantibodies and inflammation from a gastric biopsy and were treated for 8-12 weeks with combined methylprednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil (MM), only MM, or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Following IVIg, maximum symptom improvement occurred (vomiting, abdominal pain, bloating, and nausea).
Summary by Kimberly Czotter
"
DYSREGULATION OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSAL LINING IN GASTROPARESIS
Gottfried-Blackmore, A. et al. (2021). Gastric Mucosal Immune Profiling and Dysregulation in Idiopathic Gastroparesis. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 12(5), e00349. https://doi.org/10.14309/ctg.0000000000000349
This small, preliminary study on patients with idiopathic gastroparesis (n= 15), functional dyspepsia (n = 5), and controls (n= 10) evaluated the role of immune dysregulation via routine endoscopy. They used immune profiling with multi cytokine array, gene expression, and flow cytometry. They found a several-fold increase in immune cells in the stomach mucosa to the duodenum in gastroparesis patients which correlated with disease duration, delayed gastric emptying, and proton pump inhibitors.
Summary by Kimberly Czotter
"
Nervous System
Brain, nerves, and senses.
THE ANS: INTESTINAL AND NEURAL IMMUNITY
Verheijden, S., & Boeckxstaens, G. E. (2018). Neuroimmune interaction and the regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 314(1), G75–G80. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00425.2016
This article details the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and its roles in GI motility, blood flow, and secretion via both extrinsic and enteric neurons. Research has identified interactions between intestinal macrophages and enteric neurons important for peristalsis. The article touches on these factors and explains their relation to motility (gastroparesis) and inflammatory disorders (colitis).
Summary by Kimberly Czotter
"